Secondary prefix : This tells about the second grade functional
groups known as substituents. For example halogens, alkyl groups(R),
alkoxy groups(-OR) etc. which are written as halo, alkyl, alkoxy.
Numerical prefix : When the same substituent, multiple bond or
functional group is repeated twice, thrice etc., are denoted by di, tri,
tetra... respectively.
Number prefix : This tells about to which carbon atoms of the
compound the substituent(s), multiple bond(s) or functional group(s)
are attached.
3) Suffix :The functional groups in the molecule are shown as the suffix.
It also contains several parts known as primary suffix, secondary
suffix, numerical suffix and number suffix etc.
Primary suffix : This tells about the saturation of the compound.
For saturated (C-C) single bonded compounds it is ‘ane’. see
For unsaturated (C=C) double bonded compounds it is ‘ene’.
For unsaturated triple bonded (C C ) compounds it is ‘yne’.
Secondary suffix : This tells about the functional groups with the
particular term. While writing the names of the derivatives of
hydrocarbons the last letter ‘e’ of ane, ene, yne is dropped if the suffix
starts with a vowel. ‘e’ should be maintained if the suffix including
numerical preffix with a consonent.
For example:
For hydrocarbons it is ‘e’
for Alcohols it is ‘ –ol ’
Aldehydes it is ‘ –al ‘
Ketones it is ‘ –one ‘ and
Carboxylic acid it is ‘ –oic acid’
The following order is to be followed while naming carbon compound.
The order is as follows:
What differences do you find among (1) (2) (3) and (6) (7) (8) and
(9) (10) (11) numbers.
(1), (2) are numbers and numerical designations to be written for
secondary prefixes(3) which tell about the position and repetitions of
second grade functional groups known as substituents respectively.
