Malpighian body: It consists of a blind cup shaped broader end of nephron called Bowman’s capsule and bunch of fine blood capillaries called glomerulus. The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together called malpighian capsule or renal capsule. Glomerulus develops from afferent arteriole. It gives rise to an efferent arteriole.
Think why the diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than that of afferent arteriole?
Because of the narrower out let (efferent arteriole) pressure exerts in the glomerulus.It functions as a filtration unit. Bowmans capsule which accommodates one glomerulus,is lined by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells called podocyte cells. There are fine pores between podocyte cells to allow passage of materials filtered out of glomerulus.
Renal tubule: It has three parts. First or proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),
loop of Henle, which is U shaped, second or distal convoluted tubule (DCT).Distal convoluted tubules open into a collecting tube. Collecting tube form pyramids and calyces which open into the pelvis. Pelvis leads into the ureter. All the parts of the renal tubule are covered by a network of peritubular (around tube) capillaries formed from efferent arteriole. The peritubular capillaries join to form renal venule, which joins the other venules to form finally the renal vein.
Why the nephron is considered to be the structural and functional unit of the kidney?