They encouraged more water sharing among farmers. They formed groups of farmers including large and small ones who would use the same water resource. Farmers were also motivated to use irrigation techniques like drip irrigation, sprinklers etc.(collectively called as microirrigation techniques). Construction of soak pits to tap rainwater optimally was carried out as community efforts. Soakpits helped in recharging dried up bore wells. Dykes or barriers, nearly 30 cm thick of brick-cement or stone cement barrier, extending down to the compact bedrock, with mud or clay fillings were built in underground streams to tap ground water optimally.

How can wells be recharged?
How would recharging dried up wells help farmers of Vaddicherla?
What does the case tell us about a water resource and its effect on farmers?

Water for all

Out of all the water on Earth, salt water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. Only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow(nearly two thirds of the available freshwater), 0.7–0.8% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01% of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers. Though it is a meagre portion of the whole, if used judiciously, shall last for a long time.

How do you think we can use water judiciously?
Why were farmers at Wanaparthy at a better state than those at Vaddicherla?
How did farmers of Vaddicherla and Wanaparthy recharge their ground water resources?

The development lies in the efficient usage of water resources. To explain this fact we will observe the given case study.

Case II: A Study of Kothapally Village, an example of water management effort

This tells us how people in the village through proper guidance could make optimum use of available water in the village.